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Commentary & analysis with a focus on European economic policy

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Misplaced blame and no credit where it is due: a trucker on the EU

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I have long had a sense that the EU suffers from a double-sided problem. One is that it gets the blame for perceived negative  outcomes that are not its fault or that would likely be even worse in its absence. The other is that it frequently does not get credit for positive outcomes that is its due. I lack the resources to test this hypothesis in a systematic and scientific way. But the anecdotal evidence piles up.

A good example that neatly combines both errors comes in the latest of the Guardian’s stimulating  The secret life series,  in which anonymous authors tell “the inside story of what the world of work is really like”. Today’s piece is by a truck driver and contains many interesting insights into that trade and how it has developed over the years on Europe’s roads. Its sub-title is striking: at the sharp end of what the EU means, I want out. And this is not a case of the sub-editor blowing up or distorting a relatively minor part of the story. The trucker-author really is miffed about the EU. The article concludes with the phrase chosen as sub-title, preceded by “Like almost all of my colleagues I voted leave in the <UK’s EU> referendum.”

Two explanations are offered. Competition from eastern Europe (“English hauliers have had almost all their European work taken from them by eastern European hauliers … The EU, as it applies to truck-driving, has meant flooding the market with cheap foreign labour, which is perceived to have forced down wages and worsened working conditions.”) and people trafficking and related violence in and around Channel ports (“nowhere within 300 miles of the Channel is safe”). [Read more…]

Til the pips squeak? More on the Apple tax case

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Last week I considered the broader implications of the plans by the EU Commission to force Ireland to claim billions of euros in back taxes from Apple. The counter arguments by the US Treasury are weak, I argued, and concluded that “EU Commission needs to stand its ground. And take a big bite of Apple”.

Todays’s news is that the Commission has done exactly that. And the bite – €13 billion plus interest – is bigger than almost anyone envisaged. Some new information has come to light that deserves a brief comment.

The previous post referred to the Financial Times’ assessment that Apple had paid a desultory 2% in corporation tax in Ireland. The latest reports suggest, incredible as it may seem, far lower figures still: “Apple paid an effective tax rate of 1% in 2003 on profits of Apple Sales International. The rate dropped to 0.005% in 2014.” reports the Guardian drawing on the Commission’s analysis.

The other news is a striking confirmation of the main argument of the previous column: that only a supranational authority can stamp out harmful international tax competition and thus prevent a race to the bottom. For the legal appeal against the ruling will be led not only, as expected, by Apple, but by the Irish government. Yes, it will appeal against a ruling under which it stands to gain a windfall of more than €13 bn. (That represents  more than annual government spending on the Irish health service and nearly one-third of Ireland’s annual tax revenue.) And the reason is all too clear. It would put an end to a crucial plank of the country’s “business model” which is to attract mobile sources of tax revenue through opaque sweetheart tax deals, poaching revenues from other countries and driving a race to the bottom. (Yes, other countries are in the same game.)

This is not just about tax. It is about the much more fundamental question of whether the EU can live up to its promise of being an effective supranational counterweight to the negative forces that (along with numerous benefits) untrammelled globalisation has unleashed.